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<title>GALEX</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GALEX</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ultraviolet space telescope. For the neutrino detector, see <a href="GALLEX" title="GALLEX">GALLEX</a>. For other uses, see <a href="GALEX_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="GALEX (disambiguation)">GALEX (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Galaxy Evolution Explorer</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">GALEX spacecraft</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Explorer-83<br>SMEX-7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">Ultraviolet astronomy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> / <a href="Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a> (2003-2012)<br><a href="California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a> (2012-2013)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-017A">2003-017A</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">27783</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.galex.caltech.edu/">https://www.galex.caltech.edu/</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">29 months (planned) <sup id="cite_ref-Display_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Display-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>10 years, 2 months (achieved) <sup id="cite_ref-JPL_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Decommission_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decommission-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data">Explorer LXXXIII</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft type</th><td class="infobox-data">Galaxy Evolution Explorer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">Bus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="GeoEye" title="GeoEye">Orbview 4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Orbital_Sciences_Corporation" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">280 kg (620 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">1 × 2.5 m (3 ft 3 in × 8 ft 2 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">290 <a href="Watt" title="Watt">watts</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">28 April 2003, 11:59:57 <a href="Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><sup id="cite_ref-Display_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Display-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Pegasus_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus (rocket)">Pegasus XL</a> (F33)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral</a>, <i><a href="Stargazer_(aircraft)" title="Stargazer (aircraft)">Stargazer</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Orbital_Sciences_Corporation" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entered service</th><td class="infobox-data">28 May 2003 <sup id="cite_ref-JPL_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deactivated</th><td class="infobox-data">28 June 2013, 19:09 UTC <sup id="cite_ref-Decommission_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decommission-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last contact</th><td class="infobox-data">28 June 2013</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decay date</th><td class="infobox-data">2068 (planned)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Geocentric orbit</a><sup id="cite_ref-Trajectory_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trajectory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Apsis" title="Apsis">Perigee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">691 km (429 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">697 km (433 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">29.00°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">98.60 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Revolution <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></span></th><td class="infobox-data">85423</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Main telescope</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ritchey%E2%80%93Chr%C3%A9tien_telescope" title="Ritchey–Chrétien telescope">Ritchey–Chrétien</a><sup id="cite_ref-Display_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Display-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">50 cm (20 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focal length</th><td class="infobox-data">f/6.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wavelengths</th><td class="infobox-data">135–280 <a href="Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nm</a> (<a href="Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Instruments</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Ultraviolet telescope</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><b>Explorer program</b></div><div style="width:100%"></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Galaxy Evolution Explorer</b> (<b>GALEX</b> or <b>Explorer 83</b> or <b>SMEX-7</b>) was a <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> orbiting space telescope designed to observe the <a href="Universe" title="Universe">universe</a> in <a href="Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">ultraviolet</a> <a href="Wavelength" title="Wavelength">wavelengths</a> to measure the history of <a href="Star_formation" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in the universe. In addition to paving the way for future ultraviolet missions, the space telescope allowed astronomers to uncover mysteries about the early universe and how it evolved, as well as better characterize phenomena like <a href="Black_hole" title="Black hole">black holes</a> and <a href="Dark_matter" title="Dark matter">dark matter</a>. The mission was extended three times over a period of 10 years before it was decommissioned in June 2013. GALEX was launched on 28 April 2003 and decommissioned in June 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Display_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Display-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</h2></div>

<p>The spacecraft was <a href="Spacecraft_attitude_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacecraft attitude control">three-axis stabilized</a>, with power coming from four fixed <a href="Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a>. The <a href="Satellite_bus" title="Satellite bus">satellite bus</a> is from <a href="Orbital_Sciences_Corporation" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a> based on <a href="GeoEye" title="GeoEye">OrbView 4</a>. The telescope was a 50 cm (20 in) <a href="Ritchey%E2%80%93Chr%C3%A9tien_telescope" title="Ritchey–Chrétien telescope">Modified Ritchey–Chrétien</a> with a rotating <a href="Grism" title="Grism">grism</a>. GALEX used the first ever UV light dichroic beam-splitter flown in space to direct <a href="Photon" title="Photon">photons</a> to the <a href="Ultraviolet" title="Ultraviolet">Near UV</a> (175–280 nanometers) and Far UV (135–174 nanometers) <a href="Microchannel_plate_detector" title="Microchannel plate detector">microchannel plate detectors</a>. Each of the two detectors has a 65 mm (2.6 in) diameter. The target orbit is 670 km (420 mi) circular and <a href="Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">inclined</a> at 29.00° to the <a href="Equator" title="Equator">equator</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch">Launch</h2></div>

<p>An air launched <a href="Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus</a> <a href="Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a>, launched on 28 April 2003 at 11:59:57 <a href="Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>, placed the craft into a nearly circular orbit at an <a href="Altitude" title="Altitude">altitude</a> of 697 km (433 mi) and an <a href="Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">orbital inclination</a> to the Earth's <a href="Equator" title="Equator">equator</a> of 29.00°.<sup id="cite_ref-Trajectory_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trajectory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2></div>

<p>The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) which explored the origin and evolution of galaxies, and the origins of stars and heavy elements over the <a href="Redshift" title="Redshift">redshift</a> range of Z between 0 and 2. GALEX conducted an all-sky imaging survey, a deep imaging survey, and a survey of 200 <a href="Galaxy" title="Galaxy">galaxies</a> nearest to the <a href="Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> galaxy. As well, GALEX performed three spectroscopic surveys over the 135–300 <a href="Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nanometre</a> band. GALEX had a planned 29-month mission, and is a part of the Small Explorer (SMEX) program.

</p><p>The <a href="First_light_(astronomy)" title="First light (astronomy)">first observation</a> was dedicated to the crew of the <a href="Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Space Shuttle Columbia</a>, and was images in the <a href="Constellation" title="Constellation">constellation</a> of <a href="Hercules_(astronomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hercules (astronomy)">Hercules</a> taken on 21 May 2003. This region was selected because it had been directly overhead the shuttle at the time of its last contact with the <a href="Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">NASA Mission Control Center</a>, <a href="Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>.

</p><p>After its primary mission of 29 months, observation operations were extended. In 2009, one of its detectors, which observed in far-ultraviolet light, stopped functioning.<sup id="cite_ref-SFN20120210_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFN20120210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late in the mission, observations of more intense UV sources were allowed, including the Kepler field.<sup id="cite_ref-SFN20120210_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFN20120210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Observation operations were extended to almost 9 years, with NASA placing it into standby mode on 7 February 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-UT_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UT-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA cut off financial support for operations of GALEX in early February 2011 as it was ranked lower than other projects which were seeking a limited supply of funding. The mission's life-cycle cost to NASA was US$150.6 million. The <a href="California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> (Caltech) negotiated to transfer control of GALEX and its associated ground control equipment to the California Institute of Technology in keeping with the <a href="Stevenson-Wydler_Technology_Innovation_Act_of_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980">Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act</a>. Under this Act, excess research equipment owned by the <a href="Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">U.S. government</a> can be transferred to educational institutions and <a href="Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">non-profit organizations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SFN20120210_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFN20120210-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 May 2012, GALEX operations were transferred to Caltech.<sup id="cite_ref-Phys.org_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phys.org-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On 28 June 2013, NASA decommissioned GALEX. It is expected that the spacecraft will remain in orbit until at least 2068 before it will re-enter the atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-Decommission_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decommission-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPL_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPL-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_mission">Science mission</h2></div>

<p>The telescope made observations in ultraviolet wavelengths to measure the history of <a href="Star" title="Star">star</a> formation in the <a href="Universe" title="Universe">universe</a> 80% of the way back to the <a href="Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>. Since scientists have evidence that the Universe to be about 13.8 billion years old, the mission studied galaxies and stars across about 10 billion years of cosmic history.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Space_observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Space observatory">spacecraft's</a> mission was to observe hundreds of thousands of galaxies, with the goal of determining the distance of each galaxy from <a href="Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> and the rate of <a href="Star_formation" title="Star formation">star formation</a> in each galaxy. Near-UV (NUV) and Far-UV (FUV) emissions as measured by GALEX can indicate the presence of young stars, but may also originate from old stellar populations (e.g. <a href="SdB_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="SdB stars">sdB stars</a>).

</p><p>Partnering with the NASA <a href="Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> (JPL) on the mission were the <a href="California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="Orbital_Sciences_Corporation" title="Orbital Sciences Corporation">Orbital Sciences Corporation</a>, <a href="University_of_California%2C_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, <a href="Yonsei_University" title="Yonsei University">Yonsei University</a>, <a href="Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, <a href="Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, and <a href="Marseille_Observatory" title="Marseille Observatory">Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille</a>, <a href="France" title="France">France</a>.

</p><p>The observatory participated in GOALS with <a href="Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a>, <a href="Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra X-ray Observatory</a>, and <a href="Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-goals_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goals-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GOALS stands for <i>Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Survey</i>, and <a href="Luminous_Infrared_Galaxies" class="mw-redirect" title="Luminous Infrared Galaxies">Luminous Infrared Galaxies</a> were studied at the multiple wavelengths allowed by the telescopes.<sup id="cite_ref-goals_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goals-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_objectives">Science objectives</h2></div>

<p>The primary objective of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer was to learn what factors trigger star formation inside galaxies; how quickly stars form, evolve and die; and how heavy chemical elements form in stars. Additional goals include:<sup id="cite_ref-galex-presskit_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galex-presskit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>Determining how fast stars are forming inside each galaxy</li>

<li>Determining when and how the stars we see today formed</li>

<li>Creating the first map of the ultraviolet universe</li>

<li>Helping scientists find and understand ultraviolet bright quasars. These objects can serve as background sources for the Hubble Space Telescope and FUSE as it probes the gases from which galaxies form stars</li></ul>

<p>To accomplish its objectives, the Galaxy Evolution Explorer conducted eight surveys, grouped into two broad categories – a local universe investigation and a star formation history investigation. The local universe investigation includes the following four surveys:<sup id="cite_ref-galex-presskit_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galex-presskit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>All-sky imaging survey – will look at the entire sky and develop a comprehensive catalogue of ultraviolet galaxy images, useful to map the distribution of star formation within the local universe</li>

<li>Nearby galaxy survey – will study about 150 nearby galaxies that are familiar to scientists to understand how stars formed in individual galaxies</li>

<li>Wide-field spectroscopic survey – will analyze the light wavelengths of galaxies in a wide swath of the sky</li>

<li>Medium spectroscopic survey – will examine the light properties of galaxies within a narrower portion of the sky</li></ul>

<p>The star formation history investigation will take information gathered by the local universe investigation and apply it to more distant galaxies by looking further back in time. It includes the following four surveys:<sup id="cite_ref-galex-presskit_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-galex-presskit-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>Deep imaging survey – will look at a portion of the sky to study the distribution of star formation in the deep universe</li>

<li>Deep spectroscopic survey – will look for the most distant galaxies</li>

<li>Ultra-deep imaging survey – will look as deep as possible at a very small portion of the sky</li>

<li>Medium imaging survey – will study star formation in galaxies beyond our local cosmic neighborhood, but not as deep as the deep imaging survey</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Telescope_specifications">Telescope specifications</h2></div>

<p>The telescope had a 50 cm (20 in) diameter aperture primary, in a <a href="Ritchey%E2%80%93Chr%C3%A9tien_telescope" title="Ritchey–Chrétien telescope">Ritchey–Chrétien telescope</a> f/6.0 configuration. It can see light wavelengths from 135 nanometres to 280-nm, with a field of view of 1.2° wide (larger than a full Moon). It had <a href="Gallium_arsenide" title="Gallium arsenide">gallium arsenide</a> (GaAs) <a href="Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a> which supply nearly 300 <a href="Watt" title="Watt">watts</a> to the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-astro_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astro-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Experiment">Experiment</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ultraviolet_telescope">Ultraviolet telescope</h3></div>

<p>GALEX carries a single f/6.0, Ritchey–Chrétien telescope, with a 50 cm (20 in) diameter primary, and a 22 cm (8.7 in) secondary mirror. Beam-splitters direct the Near UV (NUV) and Far UV (FUV) components to separate photoelectric detectors of diameter 6.5 cm (2.6 in). In each, the photoelectrons are multiplied by a microchannel plate, and detected by the anode grid. The grid enables determination of the exact position of <a href="Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> impact, by the time delay of each pulse at the two ends. The telescope has a <a href="Field_of_view" title="Field of view">field of view</a> (FoV) of 1.2°, and a resolution of five <a href="Minute_and_second_of_arc" title="Minute and second of arc">arcseconds</a>, and enables either imaging or spectral composition of a single star/galaxy, by a rotatable wheel containing a clear window and a <a href="Grism" title="Grism">grism</a> (a cross between a grating and a prism).<sup id="cite_ref-Experiment1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Experiment1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-launch_images">Pre-launch images</h2></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">GALEX at the pre-launch tests</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">GALEX being mated to a <a href="Pegasus_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus XL">Pegasus XL</a> launch vehicle</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">GALEX's Pegasus XL being attached to the <a href="Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed</a> <a href="Lockheed_L-1011_TriStar" title="Lockheed L-1011 TriStar">L-1011</a> <i><a href="Stargazer_(aircraft)" title="Stargazer (aircraft)">Stargazer</a></i></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">The L-1011 <i>Stargazer</i> take-off with GALEX attached under-belly</div>

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</ul></div></div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Explorer_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer program">Explorer program</a> – Ongoing NASA space exploration program<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li>

<li><a href="Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">Ultraviolet astronomy</a></li>

<li><a href="GALEX_Arecibo_SDSS_Survey" title="GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey">GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey</a></li>

<li><a href="Arecibo_Observatory" title="Arecibo Observatory">Arecibo Observatory</a></li>

<li><a href="Galaxy_And_Mass_Assembly_survey" title="Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey">Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey</a>, with GALEX participation</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-017A">"Display: GALEX (Explorer 83) 2003-017A"</a>. NASA. 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-JPL-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPL_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/galaxy-evolution-explorer-galex/">"Mission to Universe: Galaxy Evolution Explorer"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-Decommission-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Decommission_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Decommission_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Decommission_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu/newsroom/glx2013-03r.html">"NASA Decommissions Its Galaxy Hunter Spacecraft"</a>. CalTech. 28 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Trajectory-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trajectory_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trajectory_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=2003-017A">"Trajectory: GALEX (Explorer 83) 2003-017A"</a>. NASA. 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-SFN20120210-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFN20120210_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFN20120210_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFN20120210_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Clark2012" class="citation news cs1">Stephen Clark (10 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1202/10galex/">"NASA, Caltech mull over unique satellite donation"</a>. Spaceflight Now<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-UT-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UT_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universetoday.com/93409/galex-mission-comes-to-an-end/"><i>GALEX Mission Comes to an End</i> 7 February 2012 Universe Today</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Phys.org-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phys.org_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2012-05-nasa-ultraviolet-space-telescope-caltech.html">"NASA lends ultraviolet space telescope to Caltech"</a>. Phys.org. 17 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Cosmic_detectives">"Cosmic Detectives"</a>. European Space Agency (ESA). 2 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-astro-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-astro_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/craft/galex.htm">Encyclopedia Astronautica – GALEX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706050843/http://astronautix.com/craft/galex.htm">Archived</a> 2008-07-06 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GALEX" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:GALEX">GALEX</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.galex.caltech.edu">GALEX website</a> by the <a href="California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/galaxy-evolution-explorer-galex">GALEX website</a> by the <a href="Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galex.stsci.edu">GALEX data archive</a> by the <a href="Space_Telescope_Science_Institute" title="Space Telescope Science Institute">STScI</a> / MAST</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://galex.stsci.edu/GalexView/">GALEXView Search Tool</a> by the STScI / MAST</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikisky.org/?object=M31&img_source=GALEX">GALEX Ultraviolet Sky Survey</a> at <a href="Wikisky.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikisky.org">Wikisky.org</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Explorers_Program494" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers Program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="List_of_Explorers_Program_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Explorers Program missions">List of Explorers Program missions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">1958–1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Explorer_1" title="Explorer 1">Explorer 1</a></li>

<li><a href="Injun_(satellite)" title="Injun (satellite)">25 (Injun 4, IE-B)</a></li>

<li><a href="Solrad_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 8">30 (Solrad 8)</a></li>

<li><a href="Solrad_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 9">37 (Solrad 9)</a></li>

<li><a href="Injun_(satellite)" title="Injun (satellite)">40 (Injun 5)</a></li>

<li><a href="Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)</a></li>

<li><a href="Solrad_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Solrad 10">44 (Solrad 10)</a></li>

<li><a href="Explorer_52" title="Explorer 52">52 (Hawkeye 1)</a></li>

<li><a href="Magsat" class="mw-redirect" title="Magsat">61 (Magsat)</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Medium class<br>(since 1992)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="IMAGE_(spacecraft)" title="IMAGE (spacecraft)">78 (IMAGE)</a></li>

<li><a href="Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">84 (Swift)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="THEMIS" title="THEMIS"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">85–89 (THEMIS)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">SPHEREx</span></a></li>

<li><i><a href="HelioSwarm" title="HelioSwarm">HelioSwarm</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Small class<br>(since 1992)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">68 (SAMPEX)</a></li>

<li><a href="TRACE" title="TRACE">73 (TRACE)</a></li>

<li><a href="Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">81 (RHESSI)</a></li>

<li><a href="NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">93 (NuSTAR)</span></a></li>

<li><i><a href="Polarimeter_to_Unify_the_Corona_and_Heliosphere" title="Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere">PUNCH</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Tandem_Reconnection_and_Cusp_Electrodynamics_Reconnaissance_Satellites" title="Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites">TRACERS</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">University-class/<br>Missions of opportunity/<br>International missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="TERRIERS" class="mw-redirect" title="TERRIERS">76 (TERRIERS)</a><sup>†</sup></li>

<li><a href="INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">INTEGRAL</span></a></li>

<li><a href="CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">82 (CHIPSat)</a></li>

<li><a href="CINDI" title="CINDI">CINDI</a></li>

<li><a href="Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku</a></li>

<li><a href="TWINS" title="TWINS"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">TWINS</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi</a><sup>†</sup></li>

<li><a href="Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">NICER</span></a></li>

<li><a href="X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">XRISM</span></a></li>

<li><a href="GUSTO_(telescope)" title="GUSTO (telescope)">GUSTO</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sun_Radio_Interferometer_Space_Experiment" title="Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment">SunRISE</a></i></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li>

<li><a href="Atmosphere-Space_Transition_Region_Explorer" title="Atmosphere-Space Transition Region Explorer">ASTRE</a></li>

<li><a href="Extreme-ultraviolet_Stellar_Characterization_for_Atmospheric_Physics_and_Evolution" title="Extreme-ultraviolet Stellar Characterization for Atmospheric Physics and Evolution">ESCAPE</a></li>

<li><a href="Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li>

<li><a href="Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li>

<li><a href="Observatory_for_Heteroscale_Magnetosphere-Ionosphere_Coupling" title="Observatory for Heteroscale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling">OHMIC</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">Green titles</span> indicates active current missions</li>

<li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">Grey titles</span> indicates cancelled missions</li>

<li><i>Italics</i> indicate missions yet to launch</li>

<li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_telescopes302" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Space_telescopes302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Space_telescope" title="Space telescope">Space telescopes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Radio_astronomy" title="Radio astronomy">Radio and Microwave</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chang'e_4#Science_payloads" title="Chang'e 4">NCLE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li>

<li><a href="Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1994)</span></li>

<li><a href="Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">Queqiao 2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Infrared_telescope" title="Infrared telescope">Infrared</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2001)</span></li>

<li><a href="James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2022)</span></li>

<li><a href="SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2025)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Optical_telescope" title="Optical telescope">Optical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stars-AO" title="Stars-AO">Aoi</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="BRITE" title="BRITE">BRITE</a> constellation <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_H-alpha_Solar_Explorer" title="Chinese H-alpha Solar Explorer">CHASE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2021)</span></li>

<li><a href="CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Deep_Space_Climate_Observatory" title="Deep Space Climate Observatory">DSCOVR</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2023)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hayabusa2#Mission_extension" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2021)</span></li>

<li><a href="HiRISE" title="HiRISE">HiRISE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2005)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1990)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li>

<li><a href="Near_Earth_Object_Surveillance_Satellite" title="Near Earth Object Surveillance Satellite">NEOSSat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Odin_(satellite)" title="Odin (satellite)">Odin</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2001)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2010)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1995)</span></li>

<li><a href="Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2004)</span></li>

<li><a href="Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ultraviolet_astronomy" title="Ultraviolet astronomy">Ultraviolet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aditya-L1" title="Aditya-L1">Aditya-L1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2023)</span></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Space-based_Solar_Observatory" title="Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory">ASO-S</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2022)</span></li>

<li><a href="Astrosat" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrosat">Astrosat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hibari_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibari (satellite)">Hibari</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2021)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hinode_(satellite)" title="Hinode (satellite)">Hinode (Solar-B)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li>

<li><a href="Interface_Region_Imaging_Spectrograph" title="Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph">IRIS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">SDO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2010)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1995)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li>

<li><a href="Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2004)</span></li>

<li><a href="PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="X-ray_astronomy" title="X-ray astronomy">X-ray</a> and <a href="Gamma-ray_astronomy" title="Gamma-ray astronomy">Gamma-ray</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra (AXAF)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1999)</span></li>

<li><a href="Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Einstein_Probe" title="Einstein Probe">Einstein Probe</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hard_X-ray_Modulation_Telescope" title="Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope">HXMT (Insight)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="Fermi_Gamma-ray_Space_Telescope" title="Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope">Fermi</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2008)</span></li>

<li><a href="Gravitational_Wave_High-energy_Electromagnetic_Counterpart_All-sky_Monitor" title="Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor">GECAM</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="IXPE" title="IXPE">IXPE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2021)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spektr-RG" title="Spektr-RG">Spektr-RG</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Space_Variable_Objects_Monitor" title="Space Variable Objects Monitor">SVOM</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li>

<li><a href="Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2004)</span></li>

<li><a href="Max_Valier_(satellite)" title="Max Valier (satellite)">Max Valier Sat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="MAXI_(ISS_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="MAXI (ISS Experiment)">MAXI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2009)</span></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS-2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Neutron_Star_Interior_Composition_Explorer" title="Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer">NICER</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2012)</span></li>

<li><a href="Lobster_Eye_Imager_for_Astronomy" title="Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy">LEIA</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2022)</span></li>

<li><a href="X-Ray_Imaging_and_Spectroscopy_Mission" title="X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission">XRISM</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2023)</span></li>

<li><a href="XPoSat" title="XPoSat">XPoSat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2024)</span></li>

<li><a href="XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1999)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (particle<br>or unclassified)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advanced_Composition_Explorer" title="Advanced Composition Explorer">ACE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1997)</span></li>

<li><a href="Alpha_Magnetic_Spectrometer" title="Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer">AMS-02</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2011)</span></li>

<li><a href="Calorimetric_Electron_Telescope" title="Calorimetric Electron Telescope">CALET</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Dark_Matter_Particle_Explorer" title="Dark Matter Particle Explorer">DAMPE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Interstellar_Boundary_Explorer" title="Interstellar Boundary Explorer">IBEX</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2008)</span></li>

<li><a href="Cosmic_Ray_Energetics_and_Mass_Experiment#ISS-CREAM" title="Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass Experiment">ISS-CREAM</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="JEM-EUSO" title="JEM-EUSO">Mini-EUSO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 1995)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(since 2006)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="PETREL" title="PETREL">PETREL</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2025)</span></li>

<li><a href="Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2026)</span></li>

<li><a href="PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2026)</span></li>

<li><a href="Xuntian" title="Xuntian">Xuntian</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2026)</span></li>

<li><a href="NEO_Surveyor" title="NEO Surveyor">NEO Surveyor</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2027)</span></li>

<li><a href="JASMINE_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="JASMINE (satellite)">JASMINE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2028)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar-C_EUVST" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar-C EUVST">Solar-C EUVST</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2028)</span></li>

<li><a href="ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2029)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spektr-UV" title="Spektr-UV">Spektr-UV</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2030)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spektr-M" title="Spektr-M">Spektr-M</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2030+)</span></li>

<li><a href="LiteBIRD" title="LiteBIRD">LiteBIRD</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2032)</span></li>

<li><a href="Taiji_Program_in_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiji Program in Space">Taiji</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2033)</span></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2035)</span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_proposed_space_observatories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed space observatories">Proposed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arcus_(satellite)" title="Arcus (satellite)">Arcus</a></li>

<li>Astro-1 Telescope</li>

<li><a href="AstroSat-2" title="AstroSat-2">AstroSat-2</a></li>

<li><a href="Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li>

<li><a href="Fresnel_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Fresnel Imager">Fresnel Imager</a></li>

<li><a href="FOCAL_(spacecraft)" title="FOCAL (spacecraft)">FOCAL</a></li>

<li><a href="Habitable_Exoplanets_Observatory" title="Habitable Exoplanets Observatory">HabEx</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypertelescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertelescope">Hypertelescope</a></li>

<li><a href="Large_Ultraviolet_Optical_Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor">LUVOIR</a></li>

<li><a href="Nano-JASMINE" title="Nano-JASMINE">Nano-JASMINE</a></li>

<li><a href="Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Worlds_Mission" title="New Worlds Mission">New Worlds Mission</a></li>

<li><a href="2012_National_Reconnaissance_Office_space_telescope_donation_to_NASA" title="2012 National Reconnaissance Office space telescope donation to NASA">NRO donation to NASA</a></li>

<li><a href="Orbiting_Binary_Black_Hole_Investigation_Satellite" title="Orbiting Binary Black Hole Investigation Satellite">ORBIS</a></li>

<li><a href="FOXSI_Sounding_Rocket" title="FOXSI Sounding Rocket">PhoENiX</a></li>

<li>Solar-D</li>

<li><a href="Space_Solar_Telescope" title="Space Solar Telescope">Space Solar Telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="Telescope_for_Habitable_Exoplanets_and_Interstellar/Intergalactic_Astronomy" title="Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/Intergalactic Astronomy">THEIA</a></li>

<li><a href="THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AGILE_(satellite)" title="AGILE (satellite)">AGILE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2007–2024)</span></li>

<li><a href="Akari_(satellite)" title="Akari (satellite)">Akari (Astro-F)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li>

<li><a href="Array_of_Low_Energy_X-ray_Imaging_Sensors" title="Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors">ALEXIS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1993–2005)</span></li>

<li><a href="Alouette_1" title="Alouette 1">Alouette 1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1962–1972)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_1" title="Ariel 1">Ariel 1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1962, 1964)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_2" title="Ariel 2">Ariel 2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1964)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_3" title="Ariel 3">Ariel 3</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1967–1969)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_4" title="Ariel 4">Ariel 4</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1971–1972)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_5" title="Ariel 5">Ariel 5</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1974–1980)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ariel_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariel 6">Ariel 6</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1979–1982)</span></li>

<li><a href="ASTERIA_(spacecraft)" title="ASTERIA (spacecraft)">ASTERIA</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2017–2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Satellite_for_Cosmology_and_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics">ASCA (Astro-D)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1993–2000)</span></li>

<li><a href="STS-35" title="STS-35">Astro-1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990)</span>

<ul><li><a href="Broad_Band_X-ray_Telescope" title="Broad Band X-ray Telescope">BBXRT</a></li>

<li><a href="STS-67" title="STS-67">Astro-2</a> (<a href="Hopkins_Ultraviolet_Telescope" title="Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope">HUT</a>) <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1995)</span></li>

<li><a href="Astron_(spacecraft)" title="Astron (spacecraft)">Astron</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1983–1991)</span></li>

<li><a href="BeppoSAX" title="BeppoSAX">BeppoSAX</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1996–2003)</span></li>

<li><a href="CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2003–2008)</span></li>

<li><a href="Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory" title="Compton Gamma Ray Observatory">Compton (CGRO)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1991–2000)</span></li>

<li><a href="CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2006–2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="EPOXI#EPOCh" title="EPOXI">EPOCh</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2008)</span></li>

<li><a href="EPOXI" title="EPOXI">EPOXI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2010)</span></li>

<li><a href="Explorer_11" title="Explorer 11">Explorer 11</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1961)</span></li>

<li><a href="EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1983–1986)</span></li>

<li><a href="Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990–1992)</span></li>

<li><a href="Ginga_(satellite)" title="Ginga (satellite)">Ginga (Astro-C)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1987–1991)</span></li>

<li><a href="Granat" title="Granat">Granat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1989–1998)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hakucho" title="Hakucho">Hakucho (CORSA-b)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li>

<li><a href="HALCA" title="HALCA">HALCA (MUSES-B)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1997–2005)</span></li>

<li><a href="Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hinotori_(satellite)" title="Hinotori (satellite)">Hinotori (Astro-A)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1981–1991)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hisaki_(satellite)" title="Hisaki (satellite)">Hisaki (SPRINT-A)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2013–2023)</span></li>

<li><a href="Einstein_Observatory" title="Einstein Observatory">HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1978–1982)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1989–1993)</span></li>

<li><a href="INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2002–2025)</span></li>

<li><a href="Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2009–2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Kristall" title="Kristall">Kristall</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990–2001)</span></li>

<li><a href="Kvant-1" title="Kvant-1">Kvant-1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1987–2001)</span></li>

<li><a href="LEGRI" title="LEGRI">LEGRI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1997–2002)</span></li>

<li><a href="LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_X-ray_Solar_Spectrometer_CubeSat" title="Miniature X-ray Solar Spectrometer CubeSat">MinXSS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2015–2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="Mikhailo_Lomonosov_(satellite)" title="Mikhailo Lomonosov (satellite)">Mikhailo Lomonosov</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2016–2019?)</span></li>

<li><a href="Orbiting_Astronomical_Observatory#OAO-3_(Copernicus)" title="Orbiting Astronomical Observatory">OAO-3 (Copernicus)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1972–1981)</span></li>

<li><a href="Orbiting_Solar_Observatory" title="Orbiting Solar Observatory">Orbiting Solar Observatory</a>

<li><a href="Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1971)</span></li>

<li><a href="Orion_(space_telescope)" title="Orion (space telescope)">Orion 2</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1973)</span></li>

<li><a href="PAMELA_detector" title="PAMELA detector">PAMELA</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2006–2016)</span></li>

<li><a href="PicSat" title="PicSat">PicSat</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2009–2013)</span></li>

<li><a href="RELIKT-1" title="RELIKT-1">RELIKT-1</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1983–1984)</span></li>

<li><a href="Reuven_Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" title="Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">R/HESSI</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2002–2018)</span></li>

<li><a href="ROSAT" title="ROSAT">ROSAT</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1990–1999)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Anomalous_and_Magnetospheric_Particle_Explorer" title="Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer">SAMPEX</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1992–2004)</span></li>

<li><a href="SOLAR_(ISS)" title="SOLAR (ISS)">SOLAR</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2008–2017)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solwind" title="Solwind">Solwind</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1979–1985)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spektr-R" title="Spektr-R">Spektr-R</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2011–2019)</span></li>

<li><a href="Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2003–2020)</span></li>

<li><a href="Suzaku_(satellite)" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Suzaku (Astro-EII)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2005–2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Solar_Radiation_and_Thermospheric_Satellite" title="Solar Radiation and Thermospheric Satellite">Taiyo (SRATS)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1975–1980)</span></li>

<li><a href="Tenma" title="Tenma">Tenma (Astro-B)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1983–1985)</span></li>

<li><a href="Uhuru_(satellite)" title="Uhuru (satellite)">Uhuru</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1970–1973)</span></li>

<li><a href="Vanguard_3" title="Vanguard 3">Vanguard 3</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1959)</span></li>

<li><a href="Yohkoh" title="Yohkoh">Yokoh (Solar-A)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1991–2001)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hibernating <br><span style="font-size: 85%;">(Mission completed)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1998–2010)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost/Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cosmic_Radiation_Satellite" title="Cosmic Radiation Satellite">CORSA</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1976)</span></li>

<li><a href="ABRIXAS" title="ABRIXAS">ABRIXAS</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1999)</span></li>

<li><a href="Suzaku_(satellite)#ASTRO-E" title="Suzaku (satellite)">Astro-E</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2000)</span></li>

<li><a href="TSUBAME_(satellite)" title="TSUBAME (satellite)">Tsubame</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2014–2015)</span></li>

<li><a href="Hitomi_(satellite)" title="Hitomi (satellite)">Hitomi (Astro-H)</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(2016)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita</a></li>

<li><a href="Astro-G" title="Astro-G">Astro-G</a></li>

<li><a href="Constellation-X_Observatory" title="Constellation-X Observatory">Constellation-X</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Dark_Energy_Space_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Energy Space Telescope">Destiny</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li>

<li><a href="Sentinel_Space_Telescope" title="Sentinel Space Telescope">Sentinel</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">SIM & SIMlite</a></li>

<li><a href="SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li>

<li><a href="Sky_Polarization_Observatory" title="Sky Polarization Observatory">SPOrt</a></li>

<li><a href="TAUVEX" title="TAUVEX">TAUVEX</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_space_telescopes" title="List of space telescopes">List of space telescopes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_proposed_space_telescopes" title="List of proposed space telescopes">List of proposed space telescopes</a></li>

<li><a href="X-ray_telescope" title="X-ray telescope">X-ray telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_heliophysics_missions" title="List of heliophysics missions">List of heliophysics missions</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_planetariums" title="List of planetariums">List of planetariums</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Hubble_(film)" title="Hubble (film)">Hubble</a></i> (2010 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="Deep_Sky" title="Deep Sky">Deep Sky</a></i> (2023 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="Unknown%3A_Cosmic_Time_Machine" title="Unknown: Cosmic Time Machine">Unknown: Cosmic Time Machine</a></i> (2023 documentary)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category:Space telescopes</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory230" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory230" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a></i></li>

<li><a href="ACRIMSAT" title="ACRIMSAT">ACRIMSAT</a></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Spaceborne_Thermal_Emission_and_Reflection_Radiometer" title="Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer">ASTER</a></li>

<li><a href="Atmospheric_infrared_sounder" title="Atmospheric infrared sounder">Atmospheric infrared sounder</a> (AIRS)</li>

<li><a href="Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li>

<li><a href="GRACE-FO" class="mw-redirect" title="GRACE-FO">GRACE-FO</a></li>

<li><i><a href="InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li>

<li><a href="W._M._Keck_Observatory" title="W. M. Keck Observatory">Keck observatory</a></li>

<li><a href="Large_Binocular_Telescope" title="Large Binocular Telescope">Large Binocular Telescope</a> (LBT)</li>

<li><i><a href="2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">Mars Odyssey</a></i></li>

<ul><li><a href="Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li>

<li><a href="Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i> (MRO)</li>

<li><a href="Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> (MSL)</li>

<li><a href="Microwave_limb_sounder" title="Microwave limb sounder">Microwave limb sounder</a> (MLS)</li>

<li><a href="Multi-angle_imaging_spectroradiometer" title="Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer">Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer</a> (MISR)</li>

<li><a href="Soil_Moisture_Active_Passive" title="Soil Moisture Active Passive">Soil Moisture Active Passive</a> (SMAP)</li>

<li><a href="Tropospheric_Emission_Spectrometer" title="Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer">Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer</a> (TES)</li>

<li><a href="Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager program</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini-Huygens</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)"><i>Deep Impact</i></a></li>

<li><i><a href="Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li>

<li><a href="Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a>

<ul><li><a href="Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Galileo (spacecraft)">spacecraft</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)"><i>Genesis</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Gravity_Recovery_and_Climate_Experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment">GRACE</a></li>

<li><a href="Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a></li>

<li><a href="Jason-1" title="Jason-1">Jason-1</a></li>

<li><a href="Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a></li>

<li><a href="Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)"><i>Magellan</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Mars_Cube_One" title="Mars Cube One">Mars Cube One</a> (MarCO)</li>

<li><i><a href="Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rovers</a>

<ul><li><a href="Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li>

<li><a href="Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">Near-Earth Asteroid Scout</a></li>

<li><a href="Scatterometer" title="Scatterometer">NSCAT</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenix_(spacecraft)" title="Phoenix (spacecraft)"><i>Phoenix</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li>

<li><a href="QuikSCAT" title="QuikSCAT">QuikSCAT</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li>

<li><a href="Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)"><i>Rosetta</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Seasat" title="Seasat">Seasat</a></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_Radar_Topography_Mission" title="Shuttle Radar Topography Mission">Shuttle Radar Topography Mission</a> (SRTM)</li>

<li><a href="Solar_Mesosphere_Explorer" title="Solar Mesosphere Explorer">Solar Mesosphere Explorer</a> (SME)</li>

<li><a href="Spaceborne_Imaging_Radar" title="Spaceborne Imaging Radar">Spaceborne Imaging Radar</a> (SIR)</li>

<li><a href="Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)"><i>Stardust</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li>

<li><a href="Very-long-baseline_interferometry" title="Very-long-baseline interferometry">SVLBI</a></li>

<li><a href="TOPEX/Poseidon" title="TOPEX/Poseidon">TOPEX/Poseidon</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)"><i>Ulysses</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li>

<li><a href="Wide_Field_and_Planetary_Camera" title="Wide Field and Planetary Camera">Wide Field and Planetary Camera</a> (WFPC)</li>

<li><a href="Wide_Field_Infrared_Explorer" title="Wide Field Infrared Explorer">Wide Field Infrared Explorer</a> (WIRE)</li>

<li><a href="Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></li>

<li><a href="Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li>

<li><a href="SPHEREx" title="SPHEREx">SPHEREx</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Europa_Lander_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Lander (NASA)">Europa Lander</a></li>

<li><a href="Fast_Infrared_Exoplanet_Spectroscopy_Survey_Explorer" title="Fast Infrared Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey Explorer">FINESSE</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canceled missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Astrobiology_Field_Laboratory" title="Astrobiology Field Laboratory">Astrobiology Field Laboratory</a> (AFL)</li>

<li><a href="Mars_Astrobiology_Explorer-Cacher" title="Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher">Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher</a> (MAX-C)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">Caltech</a></li>

<li><a href="NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">NASA Deep Space Network</a></li>

<li><a href="Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone Complex</a></li>

<li><a href="Table_Mountain_Observatory" title="Table Mountain Observatory">Table Mountain Observatory</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_System_Ambassadors" title="Solar System Ambassadors">Solar System Ambassadors</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="JPL_Science_Division" title="JPL Science Division">JPL Science Division</a></li>

<li><a href="Near-Earth_Asteroid_Tracking" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking">Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking</a></li>

<li><a href="Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2002Orbital_launches_in_20032004_→618" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="←_2002Orbital_launches_in_20032004_→618" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="2002_in_spaceflight" title="2002 in spaceflight">← 2002</a></div><a href="2003_in_spaceflight" title="2003 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2003</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="2004_in_spaceflight" title="2004 in spaceflight">2004 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Coriolis_(satellite)" title="Coriolis (satellite)">Coriolis</a></li>

<li><a href="ICESat" title="ICESat">ICESat</a>, <a href="CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a></li>

<li><u><a href="STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a></u> (<a href="SpaceHab" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceHab">SpaceHab RDM</a>, <a href="Extended_Duration_Orbiter" title="Extended Duration Orbiter">EDO</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Solar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment">SORCE</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Progress_M-47" title="Progress M-47">Progress M-47</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelsat_907" title="Intelsat 907">Intelsat 907</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Molniya-1 No.92</li>

<li><a href="INSAT-3A" title="INSAT-3A">INSAT-3A</a>, Galaxy 12</li>

<li>AsiaSat-4</li>

<li><a href="Kosmos_2397" title="Kosmos 2397">Kosmos 2397</a></li>

<li><u><a href="Soyuz_TMA-2" title="Soyuz TMA-2">Soyuz TMA-2</a></u></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a> (<a href="Minerva_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerva (spacecraft)">Minerva</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Hellas_Sat_2" title="Hellas Sat 2">Hellas Sat 2</a></li>

<li>Beidou 1C</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (<a href="Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a>)</li>

<li>Kosmos 2398</li>

<li><a href="Progress_M1-10" title="Progress M1-10">Progress M1-10</a></li>

<li>Thuraya 2</li>

<li><a href="Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></li>

<li>Optus and Defence C1, <a href="BSAT-2c" title="BSAT-2c">BSAT-2c</a></li>

<li>Molniya-3 No.53</li>

<li>Orbview-3</li>

<li>Monitor-E GVM, <a href="MIMOSA" title="MIMOSA">MIMOSA</a>, DTUSat, <a href="MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a>, Cute-I, <a href="QuakeSat" class="mw-redirect" title="QuakeSat">QuakeSat</a>, AAU-Cubesat, <a href="CanX-1" class="mw-redirect" title="CanX-1">CanX-1</a>, Cubesat XI-IV</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)">Opportunity</a></li>

<li><a href="EchoStar_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar XII">Rainbow 1</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="EchoStar_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar IX">EchoStar IX</a></li>

<li>Kosmos 2399</li>

<li><a href="SCISAT-1" title="SCISAT-1">SCISAT-1</a></li>

<li>Kosmos 2400, Kosmos 2401</li>

<li><a href="Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a></li>

<li><a href="Progress_M-48" title="Progress M-48">Progress M-48</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_USA_satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of USA satellites">USA-171</a> / <a href="Orion_(satellite)" title="Orion (satellite)">Orion 5</a></li>

<li><a href="UK-DMC" title="UK-DMC">UK-DMC</a>, <a href="BILSAT-1" title="BILSAT-1">BILSAT-1</a>, <a href="STSat-1" title="STSat-1">STSat-1</a></li>

<li><a href="Eutelsat_33A" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelsat 33A">e-Bird</a>, <a href="INSAT-3E" title="INSAT-3E">INSAT-3E</a>, <a href="SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Galaxy_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxy 13">Galaxy 13</a>/<a href="Horizons-1" title="Horizons-1">Horizons-1</a></li>

<li><u><a href="Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a></u></li>

<li><a href="Resourcesat-1" title="Resourcesat-1">Resourcesat-1</a></li>

<li><u><a href="Soyuz_TMA-3" title="Soyuz TMA-3">Soyuz TMA-3</a></u></li>

<li><a href="CBERS-2" title="CBERS-2">CBERS-2</a>, Chuang Xin 1</li>

<li><a href="SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Yamal-201" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamal-201">Yamal-201</a>, <a href="Yamal-202" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamal-202">Yamal-202</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Gruzomaket</li>

<li><a href="Kosmos_2402" title="Kosmos 2402">Kosmos 2402</a>, <a href="Kosmos_2403" title="Kosmos 2403">Kosmos 2403</a>, <a href="Kosmos_2404" title="Kosmos 2404">Kosmos 2404</a></li>

<li><a href="Ekspress_AM22" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AM22">Ekspress AM22</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-10-24" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=GALEX&oldid=1253061041">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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